Cov txiv ntoo plaw hmoov: 59-46-1

** Procaine ** yog ib qho tshuaj loog hauv zos, koom nrog hauv chav kawm ntawm ester compounds. Nws yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm Alfred Einhorn hauv 1905 thiab tom qab ntawd tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob rau tshuaj loog hauv zos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev phais hniav thiab cov txheej txheem phais me. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog Procaine:

### ** Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg **

- **} 4- ineobenzoic acid -2- diethyl Ester

Cov mis mos molecular: C13H20N2O2

- ** Molecular hnyav **: 236.31 g / mol

- ** Tsob Ntoo **: Procaine muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dawb crystalline hmoov, yuav luag tsis muaj ntxhiab los yog iab me ntsis.

** Solubility **: Soluble hauv dej, me ntsis soluble hauv ethanol, insoluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic (xws li ether thiab chloroform).

- ** Melting point **: 61-64 degree

- ** Stability **: ruaj khov nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lossis tsis muaj zog acidic ib puag ncig, tab sis yooj yim hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv alkaline lossis kub kub.

### ** Lub ntsiab siv **

Page Xaas yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob teb yog tshuaj loog hauv cheeb tsam. Nws ua tiav cov nyhuv tshuaj loog los ntawm thaiv cov dej qab zib ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab inhibiting ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha im imctes. Kev siv tshwj xeeb suav nrog:

1. ** Kev tshuaj loog hauv zos **: Siv rau kev phais, mob suturing, txhuam hniav tawm, thiab lwm yam.

2. **Analgesia**: txo lub sij hawm luv luv los yog mob hauv zos.

3. ** Los tiv thaiv ": siv los txo qhov mob hauv qee kis.

### ** Pharmacokinetics **

1. ** Yuav tsum nqus **:

- Procaine ua rau cov hlab ntsha xaus los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj hauv zos, thiab tus nqi nqus nyob ntawm cov ntshav hauv zos. Kev siv vasoconstrictors (xws li epinephrine) tuaj yeem ncua kev nqus thiab txhim kho cov tshuaj loog.

2. ** Metabolism ":

- Hydrolyzed sai heev los ntawm kev xav hauv cov ntshav thiab nplooj siab los tsim para-aminobenzoic acid (Kaba) thiab DiethylaminoThanol.

- Para-aminobenzoic acid yog ntxiv tawm hauv cov zis.

3. ** Ib nrab neej **:

- Propaine muaj cov roj ntsha luv luv heev-lub neej, feem ntau 5 txog 10 feeb. Cov metabolism ceev yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau nws txoj kev nyab xeeb siab.

4. "Tshaj Tawm **:

- Cov metabolites tau nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm, thiab li 90% ntawm cov metabolites tau ua tiav hauv 24 teev.

### **Dosage**

Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm Procaine nyob ntawm yam xws li kev siv, tus neeg mob qhov hnyav, qhov chaw phais thiab tus neeg rhiab heev. Cov hauv qab no yog qhov ntau npaum li cas:

1. ** Tshuaj loog hauv zos**:

- Procaine tov nrog ib qho concentration ntawm 0.25%-2% yog siv rau tshuaj loog hauv zos.

- Ib koob tshuaj ib zaug feem ntau yog 50-300 mg, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws koob tshuaj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 500 mg.

2. ** Kev tiv thaiv no rau kev siv **:

- Nws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm ib tug kws kho mob kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm overdose.

### ** Lub sijhawm thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm **

1. ** Sijhawm pib**:

- Nws siv sijhawm 1-2 feeb tom qab txhaj tshuaj.

2. **Nyob ntev**:

- Cov nyhuv tshuaj loog feem ntau kav rau 15-60 feeb, thiab lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas thiab txoj kev siv.

3. ** Kev siv lub voj voog **:

- Propaine yog tsuas yog siv rau ib-zaug hauv cheeb tsam enseshesia. Nquag siv tsis pom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj kev ua xua lossis kev ua txhaum cai.

### ** Kev mob tshwm sim thiab ceev faj **

#### cov kev phiv los:

1. "Kev Ua xua tsis haum xeeb **:

- Cov neeg mob uas tsis haum rau Procaine lossis nws cov metabolite PABA tuaj yeem ntsib cov tsos mob xws li pob khaus, khaus, thiab ua pa nyuaj.

2. ** Cov leeg hauv nruab nrab ":

- Cov koob tshuaj ntau yuav ua rau kiv taub hau, mob taub hau, mob paj hlwb lossis inhibition, thiab thaum mob hnyav, qaug dab peg.

3. **Kev mob plawv**:

- Cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm Procaine tuaj yeem cuam tshuam myocardial contractility, ua rau hypotension, arrhythmia, thiab txawm tias lub plawv nres.

#### Contraindications:

1. Txwv tsis pub rau cov neeg uas muaj kev fab tshuaj rau PABA.

2. Cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv hnyav, lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, lossis lub raum tsis ua haujlwm yuav tsum siv ceev faj.

### **Prospects for chemical and medical research**

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, tus txiv neej tau kawm los siv rau hauv lwm daim teb, xws li tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab kev mob ntawm kev mob neuropathic. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hauv paus scientific rau cov kev siv tau tsawg tsawg thiab xav tau ntxiv. Vim muaj peev xwm antioxidant cuam tshuam ntawm nws cov metabolite paba, qee tus neeg ntseeg tias nws yuav pab qeeb cov txheej txheem laus.

### ** Summary **

Proppaine yog ib qho kev ua kom zoo nkauj hauv zos uas tau siv dav hauv cov tshuaj vim nws cov metabolism sai thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Txawm hais tias nws siv sab nraud ntawm kev ua yeeb yam sab nraud tseem xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv, kev siv tsim nyog ntawm kev mob hauv zos thiab txhim kho tus neeg mob siab. Thaum siv nws, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau kev tswj hwm tshuaj thiab muaj feem ua xua kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij.

** Raws li cov hmoov yeeb tshuaj painete ** yog cov tshuaj loog hauv zos, tsuas yog siv rau kev tshuaj loog loog hauv cheeb tsam tshuaj loog plab loog thiab qhov mob mob hauv qee cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov pej xeem siv tau, ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, thiab siv thiab ntau npaum li cas

### ** Cov pej xeem muaj feem xyuam **

1. **Cov neeg siv tshuaj loog hauv zos**: Muaj feem xyuam rau kev phais hauv zos, kho hniav lossis lwm yam kev kho mob uas xav tau tshuaj loog hauv zos.

2. **Cov neeg mob mob hnyav**: Lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm qee qhov mob, xws li kev raug mob, sutures, hniav rho tawm, thiab lwm yam.

3. ** Cov neeg siv ua haujlwm ": Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua lwm txoj hlab tshuaj thaum nws paub tseeb tias tus neeg mob ua xua rau lwm yam kev ntsuas xyuas.

4. **Neuropathic mob cov neeg mob** (raws li kev qhia ntawm kws kho mob): Qee zaum, nws yuav siv tau los txo cov mob neuropathic.

** Cov teeb meem ":

- Cov neeg uas muaj kev ua xua rau cov tshuaj loog.

- Cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv hnyav, mob siab tsis txaus lossis lwm yam contraindications.

### ** Ua haujlwm ua haujlwm **

Procaine yog ib qho tshuaj loog hauv zos ester. Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

1. **Blocking paj hlwb impulse conduction**: Procaine inhibits tiam thiab kev xa cov paj hlwb los ntawm kev thaiv cov sodium ion raws ntawm cov paj hlwb daim nyias nyias, tiv thaiv qhov mob teeb liab kis mus rau lub hlwb.

2. **Qhov pib sai sai**: Cov tshuaj ua sai sai ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv zos tom qab txhaj tshuaj thiab ua rau cov tshuaj loog hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.

3. ** Pathsetic Pathwocized me me **: Puag feem ntau yog metabolized sai los ntawm cov ntshav, yog li nws muaj kev nyab xeeb luv luv thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.

### **Siv thiab ntau npaum**

1. ** Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos **:

- ** Kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous **: Siv rau kev phais me lossis tshuaj loog ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov siab ib txwm yog 0.25%-0.5%, thiab cov koob tshuaj tshwj xeeb raug txiav txim raws li qhov chaw phais thiab tus neeg mob qhov hnyav.

- **Nerve block**: Siv los thaiv cov hlab ntsha tshwj xeeb kom ua tiav cov tshuaj loog, feem ntau ntawm 1% -2%.

- ** ** Kev txhaj tshuaj epidural **: Yuav siv rau epidural tshuaj loog nyob rau qee kis, thiab yuav tsum ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshaj lij.

2. **Cov lus qhia noj tshuaj**:

- Ib koob tshuaj rau cov neeg laus feem ntau tsis tshaj 500mg (raws li Procaine).

- tag nrho cov koob tshuaj txhua hnub tau pom zoo kom tsis txhob tshaj 1000 mg.

- Cov nqi rau cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li lub cev hnyav, feem ntau 6 mg rau 8 mg rau ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav.

3. **Cov lus qhia rau kev siv**:

- Nws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tsis muaj menyuam thiab kev sib kis yuav tsum nruj me ntsis zam.

- Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau raug xaiv raws li kev phais xav tau.

### **Cov kev ceev faj**

1. **Kev kuaj tsis haum**: Kev kuaj tawv nqaij yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej siv thawj zaug kom tsis txhob muaj kev fab tshuaj hnyav.

2. 4. Kev sib txuam yeeb tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab yuav muaj qee yam kev tawm tsam nrog qee yam tshuaj (xws li sulfonamides), thiab tsis sib xws yuav tsum tau sau tseg.

3. ** Kev tsis pom zoo **:

- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me: qhov mob luv luv thiab tingling ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

- Kev Txom Nyem Loj: Npau taws txiv neej, xeev siab, anaphylactic poob siab (tsawg kawg), kho mob sai sai, yuav tsum tau sai sai.

4. **Cov neeg tshwj xeeb**: Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating poj niam yuav tsum ceev faj thaum siv cov tshuaj, thiab nws raug nquahu kom mus ntsib kws kho mob.

Procaine yog ib qho tshuaj loog hauv zos, feem ntau siv hauv daim ntawv ntawm procaine hydrochloride. Nws yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm German chemist Alfred Einhorn hauv xyoo 1905 thiab paub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv tshuaj loog hauv kev kho hniav thiab phais. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov hmoov procaine tau maj mam kawm ua ib qho ntxiv nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kev laus. Nov yog cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam ntawm Raws Powder Procaine:

### 1. ** Cov nyhuv hauv zos anesthetic "

- ** SCHATCHISMISMISMENTY ua tiav ib qho tshuaj loog uas thaiv cov ncauj lus ntawm cov hlab ntsha tej chaw sib kis tau thiab cuam tshuam rau kev xa khoom ntawm cov cim pwm.

- ** Thov thov **:

### 2. **Anti-aging thiab Cell Protection**

- ** Kev txhim kho tes ua haujlwm **: Propaine yog ntseeg kom tswj cell cov kua mis thiab txo kev puas tsuaj dawb rau cov hlwb, yog li kev laus me.

- ** Txhim kho DNA kho **: Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Procaine tuaj yeem pab kho DNA puas thiab tiv thaiv kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm tes.

- ** Boosts cellular metabolism**: Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov ntshav ncig thiab xa oxygen, nws boosts cellular zog.

### 3. **Anti-inflammatory thiab antioxidant teebmeem**

- ** Txo cov lus teb inflammatory **: Procaine pab txo qhov mob ntev los ntawm inhibiting qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov kab mob sib kis xws li interleukins thiab prostaglandins.

- ** SCAVENES DAWB RADALS **: Raws li antioxidant, propaine tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ywj pheej, yog li txo qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm oxidative ntawm lub cev.

### 4. ** Txhim kho cov leeg ntshav qab noj qab haus huv **

- **Relieves paj hlwb**: Procaine's anesthetic zog muaj cov nyhuv relieving ntawm paj hlwb (xws li sciatica los yog trigeminal neuralgia).

- ** Tiv thaiv cov neurons **: Procaine tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob neurodegenerative (xws li Alzheimer's lossis Parkinson's) los ntawm kev txo qis neuroinflamation thiab tiv thaiv myelin.

- ** KEV KAWM TXUJ CI ZOO **: Qee cov kev sim sim tau pom tias propaine tuaj yeem txhim kho lub hlwb ntshav thiab cov qib neurotransmitter.

### 5. ** Kev txhim kho ob peb lub cev thiab antidepressant **

- ** Xaiv cov neurotransmitters **: ProppeSransmitters xws li dopamine, li kev txhim kho kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab cov tsos mob thiab kev poob siab.

- ** Txo kev ntxhov siab **: Pab lub cev daws kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev txo cov qib cortisol.

### 6. ** Txhawb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Cardiovascular Health **

- ** Txhim kho microcirculation **: Topaine pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm arteriosclerosis thiab thrombosis los ntawm kev ua kom cov ntshav thiab kev txhawb cov ntshav ncig.

- ** Tiv thaiv lub plawv **: Procaine tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlab plawv los ntawm kev txo qhov mob thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab.

### 7. ** Txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob **

- ** Ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob **: Procaine tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov haujlwm ntawm macrophages thiab T hlwb.

- ** Txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ": Proppe yuav muaj cov kev cai tswj hwm ntawm qee yam kab mob autoimmune.

### 8. ** Pab kho qee yam kab mob **

- ** Mob caj dab tuaj yeem pab txo cov kev mob caj dab thiab kev ua piv txwv.

- ** Qeeb zog mob huam yuaj ": Propaine yuav pab txhawb nqa mob nkees los ntawm kev txhim kho cov metabolism hauv lub cev thiab cov hlab hlwb ua haujlwm.

- ** Teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij **: Procaine cov ntshav ncig kev txhim kho ntawm daim tawv nqaij pab daws teeb meem xws li eczema thiab psoriasis.

### 9. ** anti-dismerging **

- **Inhibit allergic reactions**: Procaine tuaj yeem thaiv qhov kev tso tawm ntawm qee cov tshuaj tsis haum tshuaj, yog li txo cov tsos mob xws li hay fever thiab urticaria.

### 10. ** Kev noj qab haus huv thiab tawv nqaij **

- ** Txhawb collagen ntau lawm ": Propaine pab cov tawv nqaij tsim collagen thiab txhim kho cov tawv nqaij elastic thiab txhim kho cov ntshav ncig thiab cov zaub mov oxygen.

- ** Ua kom qeeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus **: Nws cov khoom antioxidant tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau daim tawv nqaij los ntawm ultraviolet rays thiab ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, ua rau cov tawv nqaij hluas.

### Cov kev ceev faj

Thaum Procaine muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig, nws siv kuj muaj qee yam kev txwv thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim:

- ** Tej yam tshwm sim tshwm sim**: Cov no muaj xws li kiv taub hau, ua pob liab liab, ua xua, lossis tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, hnyav anaphylactic shock.

- ** Cov pab pawg uas haum **: Tsis haum rau cov neeg uas muaj kev ua xua rau cov neeg tsis zoo lossis cov tshuaj sib xws (xws li Lidocaine).

- ** Muab tshuaj tswj hwm ** ** Ua raws cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus kws kho mob tshaj lij thiab zam dhau kev noj haus.

### cov ntsiab lus

Raws Powder Procaine tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho tshuaj loog hauv zos xwb, tab sis kuj qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam hauv kev tiv thaiv kev laus, tiv thaiv kev mob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav tsum tau sab laj ua ntej siv kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo.

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Cim npe nrov: Cov noob nplej cov nplej: {{59-46-1}}} {{{{} chaw tsim khoom, cov chaw tsim khoom, Hoobkas